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The maximum total voltage drop allowed on branch-circuit conductors is typically set at 3%. This standard is based on ensuring that electrical equipment operates effectively and efficiently. A voltage drop exceeding this threshold can lead to insufficient voltage levels at the devices being powered, which may cause them to operate poorly or even malfunction.

The aim of the 3% limit specifically addresses branch circuits, ensuring that the devices receive adequate voltage for optimal performance without much loss due to resistance in the wiring. This is particularly important in ensuring safety and functionality within residential and commercial installations.

Options with lower percentages, such as 1% and 2%, might pertain to specific conditions or particular circuits but are not the general allowances for branch circuits in most codes. Therefore, selecting a 3% maximum for the total voltage drop of branch-circuit conductors strikes a balance between performance and practicality in typical installations.